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Coffin Siris Syndrome

Abstract

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Synonyms of Coffin Siris Syndrome

Dwarfism-Onychodysplasia
Fifth Digit Syndrome
Mental Retardation with Hypoplastic 5th Fingernails and Toenails
Short Stature-Onychodysplasia

Disorder Subdivisions

No subdivisions found.

General Discussion

Coffin-Siris syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that may be evident at birth (congenital). The disorder may be characterized by feeding difficulties and frequent respiratory infections during infancy, diminished muscle tone (hypotonia), abnormal looseness (laxity) of the joints, delayed bone age, and mental retardation. In addition, affected infants and children typically have short fifth fingers ("pinkies") and toes with underdeveloped (hypoplastic) or absent nails; other malformations of the fingers and toes; and characteristic abnormalities of the head and facial (craniofacial) area, resulting in a coarse facial appearance. Craniofacial malformations may include an abnormally small head (microcephaly); a wide nose with a low nasal bridge; a wide mouth with thick, prominent lips; thick eyebrows and eyelashes (hypertrichosis); and sparse scalp hair.

The underlying cause of Coffin-Siris syndrome is unknown. In most cases, the disorder is thought to result from new genetic changes (mutations) that appear to occur randomly for unknown reasons (sporadically). Familial cases have also been reported that suggest autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive inheritance.

Organizations related to Coffin Siris Syndrome

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