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"Resources" on this report.
Copyright 1989, 1990, 2001, 2003, 2009
NORD is very grateful to Shashikant Kulkarni, PhD, Director of CytoGenomics and Molecular Pathology, Director of Clinical & Molecular Cytogenetics, Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, for assistance in the preparation of this report.
Synonyms of Chromosome 18, Monosomy 18p
- 18p Deletion Syndrome
- 18p- Syndrome
- Del(18p) Syndrome
- Monosomy 18p Syndrome
- Short Arm 18 Deletion Syndrome
Disorder Subdivisions
General Discussion
Chromosome 18, Monosomy 18p is a rare chromosomal disorder in which all or part of the short arm (p) of chromosome 18 is deleted (monosomic). The disorder is typically characterized by short stature, variable degrees of mental retardation, speech delays, malformations of the skull and facial (craniofacial) region, and/or additional physical abnormalities. Associated craniofacial defects may vary greatly in range and severity from case to case. However, such features commonly include an unusually small head (microcephaly); a broad, flat nose; a "carp-shaped" mouth; large, protruding ears; widely spaced eyes (ocular hypertelorism); and/or other abnormalities. Rarely (i.e., in about 10 percent of cases), Monosomy 18p may be associated with holoprosencephaly, a condition in which the forebrain (prosencephalon) fails to divide properly during embryonic development. Holoprosencephaly may result in varying degrees of mental retardation, other neurologic findings, and/or extremely variable midline facial defects, such as the presence of a single, central front tooth (maxillary incisor); closely spaced eyes (hypotelorism); an abnormal groove in the upper lip (cleft lip); incomplete closure of the roof of the mouth (cleft palate); and/or, in severe cases, absence of the nose and/or cyclopia. Cyclopia is characterized by fusion of the eye cavities (orbits) into a single cavity containing one eye.
In some individuals with Monosomy 18p, additional physical abnormalities may be present. Such findings commonly include a short, webbed neck; a broad chest with widely spaced nipples; relatively small hands and feet; and/or an unusually small penis (micropenis) and/or undescended testes (cryptorchidism) in affected males.
Monosomy 18p is usually caused by spontaneous (de novo) errors very early in the development of the embryo that appear to occur randomly for unknown reasons (sporadically).
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Organizations related to Chromosome 18, Monosomy 18p
- AmeriFace
PO Box 751112
Las Vegas NV 89136
Phone #: 702-769-9264
800 #: 888-486-1209
e-mail: info@ameriface.org
Home page: http://www.ameriface.org
- American Heart Association
7272 Greenville Avenue
Dallas TX 75231-4596
Phone #: 214-373-6300
800 #: 800-242-8721
e-mail: Review.personal.info@heart.org
Home page: http://www.americanheart.org
- Arc (a national organization on mental retardation)
1010 Wayne Ave
Suite 650
Silver Spring MD 20910
Phone #: 301-565-3842
800 #: 800-433-5255
e-mail: info@thearc.org
Home page: http://www.thearc.org/
- Children's Craniofacial Association
13140 Coit Road
Suite 517
Dallas TX 75240
Phone #: 214-570-9099
800 #: 800-535-3643
e-mail: contactCCA@ccakids.com
Home page: http://www.ccakids.com
- Chromosome 18 Registry & Research Society
7155 Oakridge Drive
San Antonio TX 78229
Phone #: 210-657-4968
800 #: --
e-mail: office@chromosome18.org
Home page: http://www.chromosome18.org
- Chromosome Disorder Outreach, Inc.
P.O. Box 724
Boca Raton FL 33429-0724
Phone #: 561-395-4252
800 #: N/A
e-mail: info@chromodisorder.org
Home page: http://www.chromodisorder.org
- Craniofacial Foundation of America
975 East Third Street
Chattanooga TN 37403
Phone #: 423-778-9176
800 #: 800-418-3223
e-mail: info@craniofacialfoundation.org
Home page: http://www.craniofacialfoundation.org/www
- Genetic and Rare Diseases (GARD) Information Center
PO Box 8126
Gaithersburg MD 20898-8126
Phone #: 301-251-4925
800 #: 888-205-2311
e-mail: ordr@od.nih.gov
Home page: http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/Default.aspx
- Independent Holoprosencephaly Support Site
Web Site on the Internet
None None None
Phone #: --
800 #: --
e-mail: hpe@att.net
Home page: http://hpe.home.att.net
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
White Plains NY 10605
Phone #: 914-997-4488
800 #: 888-663-4637
e-mail: Askus@marchofdimes.com
Home page: http://www.marchofdimes.com
- Support Organization for Trisomy 18, 13, and Related Disorders
2982 South Union Street
Rochester NY 14624-1926
Phone #: N/A
800 #: 800-716-7638
e-mail: barbv@trisomy.org
Home page: http://www.trisomy.org
- UNIQUE - Rare Chromosome Disorder Support Group
P.O. Box 2189
Caterham
Surrey Intl CR3 5GN
Phone #: 44 -0 1-883 330766
800 #: --
e-mail: info@rarechromo.org
Home page: http://www.rarechromo.org
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